Some individuals with diabetes are lucky enough to have a very attentive dog to keep them company. These pets provide much more than love and devotion: They also help keep their human companions safe by detecting their owners' episodes of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)—and warning them in time for the individuals to get treatment.
Rover to the Rescue
Diabetic alert dogs, usually golden or Labrador retrievers, are heroes: "These dogs literally save lives," says Lex Frieden, professor of biomedical informatics and rehabilitation at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. "The dogs are trained to alert their owners, and they also can be trained to get help if needed. So if a person is in a coma, the dog will seek out someone who can help."
Just how do these wonder dogs work? "The dogs sense chemical changes that occur when there's a critical dip in a person's blood sugar," says Anita Krolczyk, RN, MS, C-PNP, of La Rabida Children's Hospital in Chicago. "It's similar to what happens with dogs that are paired with people who have seizures. The dog senses that the person will have a seizure before it happens."
The individuals who benefit most from these specially trained dogs are people who don't sense they are becoming hypoglycemic. Typically, during an episode of low blood sugar, a person starts to feel shaky and sweaty, and can have heart palpitations, explains Kellie Rodriguez, MSN, CDE, CPT, of the Diabetes Research Institute at the University of Miami. While these signs may seem hard to overlook, individuals with hypoglycemia unawareness don't feel these first-stage symptoms, she explains. If second-stage symptoms like confusion and drowsiness set in, the person is less cognitively aware, and may not be able to manage the hypoglycemia, Rodriguez says. "In cases like these, the dog becomes almost like a medical device," she says. "The dog uses his paws to nudge the person, or barks to wake the person up."
Of course, not all dogs are equally apt at being trained, Frieden says: "Some may be more
interested in food than work."
Is a Diabetic Alert Dog for You?
So if you have diabetes, should you get a diabetic alert dog? Not so fast, says Rodriguez: "Diabetic alert dogs are certainly a growing area, but one that hasn't taken off rapidly yet, due largely to the factors of high cost and the growing need for increased regulation." She's not exaggerating about the high cost: Diabetic alert dogs aren't covered by insurance, and can cost between $10,000 and $20,000.
But a dog that is willing to work 24/7 and remain vigilant at his caregiver's side can be a literal lifesaver. "When you ask people who have used them, they say the dogs have had a tremendous impact on their lives," Rodriguez says.
Kellie Rodriguez, MSN, CDE, CPT, reviewed this article.
Sources:
Linebaugh, Kate. "Service Dogs Pick Up Scent of Diabetes Danger." 10 December 2012.
The Wall Street Journal. Page accessed 13 September 2013.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324001104578163423121970336.html
